[122][123] He was appointed a professor with a chair in gravitational physics in 1977. The Theory of Everything depicts the challenging marriage between Stephen (Redmayne) and Jane Hawking … [375][376] He recorded a tribute for the 2000 Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore,[377] called the 2003 invasion of Iraq a "war crime",[376][378] supported the academic boycott of Israel,[379][380] campaigned for nuclear disarmament,[375][376] and supported stem cell research,[376][381] universal health care,[382] and action to prevent climate change. [264][265] Hawking was fiercely independent and unwilling to accept help or make concessions for his disabilities. Stephen enjoyed math and science in school where he earned the nickname "Einstein." Hellyer Jones became close to the Hawking family, and by the mid-1980s, he and Jane had developed romantic feelings for each other. [415], Hawking was a member of the Advisory Board of the Starmus Festival, and had a major role in acknowledging and promoting science communication. [174], After discovering his concession might have been premature, a new and more refined wager was made. My brief history – Stephen Hawking (2013). Eltern: Frank Hawking und Isobel Hawking (geb. Follow me on Twitter. After winning a scholarship i… [386], Hawking was greatly concerned over health care, and maintained that without the UK National Health Service, he could not have survived into his 70s. [311][312][313] His family stated that he "died peacefully". [217], On 20 July 2015, Hawking helped launch Breakthrough Initiatives, an effort to search for extraterrestrial life. [324][325] Guests at the funeral included The Theory of Everything actors Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones, Queen guitarist and astrophysicist Brian May, and model Lily Cole. fee-paying) schools, first Radlett School[46] and from September 1952, St Albans School,[26][47] after passing the eleven-plus a year early. Yet … [328] Although Hawking was an atheist, the funeral took place with a traditional Anglican service. [298] At the turn of the century, he and eleven other humanitarians signed the Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability, which called on governments to prevent disability and protect the rights of the disabled. "[198] The particle was discovered in July 2012 at CERN following construction of the Large Hadron Collider. And he did most of this work while confined to a wheelchair, brought on by the progressive neurological disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrigs Disease. [340], Hawking's final broadcast interview, about the detection of gravitational waves resulting from the collision of two neutron stars, occurred in October 2017. It proposed that prior to the Planck epoch, the universe had no boundary in space-time; before the Big Bang, time did not exist and the concept of the beginning of the universe is meaningless. [232][233] The family spent a generally happy and stimulating year in Pasadena. [259][260], In the late 1960s, Hawking's physical abilities declined: he began to use crutches and could no longer give lectures regularly. [156] Peter Guzzardi, his editor at Bantam, pushed him to explain his ideas clearly in non-technical language, a process that required many revisions from an increasingly irritated Hawking. [1][326][331][332], Inscribed on his memorial stone are the words "Here lies what was mortal of Stephen Hawking 1942–2018" and his most famed equation. Rollstuhl fesselte, sowie seine teilweise unkonventionellen Theorien über schwarze Löcher, ist Stephen Hawking seit den Siebzigerjahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts auf internationaler He was 76 years old. [406][407], Hawking used his fame to advertise products, including a wheelchair,[300] National Savings,[408] British Telecom, Specsavers, Egg Banking,[409] and Go Compare. [168] In the 1989 Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of Honour (CH). He grew up in a highly educated family. Success in creating AI would be the biggest event in human history. [91][92][93] In 1969, Hawking accepted a specially created Fellowship for Distinction in Science to remain at Caius. I'm an atheist. Familie: ehemals verheiratet mit Jane Hawking (1965–1995), Elaine Hawking (1995–2006); drei Kinder aus erster Ehe [44], Hawking began his schooling at the Byron House School in Highgate, London. Hawking was an atheist[369][370] and believed that "the universe is governed by the laws of science". [102], Beginning in 1973, Hawking moved into the study of quantum gravity and quantum mechanics. [341] His final words to the world appeared posthumously, in April 2018, in the form of a Smithsonian TV Channel documentary entitled, Leaving Earth: Or How to Colonize a Planet. His father was a medical researcher. [161] A difficulty refusing the invitations and visitors left him limited time for work and his students. In fact, in St Albans School he got the 3rd position from last. At the time, he was one of the youngest scientists to become a Fellow. [116] Hawking acknowledged that he had lost the bet in 1990, a bet that was the first of several he was to make with Thorne and others. [124][236][237] According to Jane, her husband was accepting of the situation, stating "he would not object so long as I continued to love him". Since this contradicted the quantum mechanics of microcausality, quantum mechanics theory would need to be rewritten. As Hawking explained, "If the universe has no boundaries but is self-contained... then God would not have had any freedom to choose how the universe began. [235], Around December 1977, Jane met organist Jonathan Hellyer Jones when singing in a church choir. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. Seine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit Schwarzen Löchern führte in den frühen Siebzigerjahren zur It might also be the last, unless we learn how to avoid the risks. Preskill argued the opposite, that since quantum mechanics suggests that the information emitted by a black hole relates to information that fell in at an earlier time, the concept of black holes given by general relativity must be modified in some way. Nationalität: Großbritannien Initially, Hawking radiation was controversial. [270] Hawking continued to use this type of chair until the early 1990s, at which time his ability to use his hands to drive a wheelchair deteriorated. [62] For the first eighteen months, he was bored and lonely – he found the academic work "ridiculously easy". of Everything" ("Die Entdeckung der Unendlichkeit") aus dem Jahr 2014. [26] in Oxford to Frank (1905–1986)[27][28] and Isobel Eileen Hawking (née Walker; 1915–2013). Werke: u.a. Following the pioneering work of Penrose he established, partly alone and partly in collaboration with Penrose, a series of successively stronger theorems establishing the fundamental result that all realistic cosmological models must possess singularities. Stephen Hawking wurde am 8. [204], In 2002, following a UK-wide vote, the BBC included Hawking in their list of the 100 Greatest Britons. At the 2016 Pride of Britain Awards, Hawking received the lifetime achievement award "for his contribution to science and British culture". [163] Hawking travelled extensively to promote his work, and enjoyed partying and dancing into the small hours. Although Hawking had difficulty walking unsupported, and his speech was almost unintelligible, an initial diagnosis that he had only two years to live proved unfounded. sich intensiv mit der Quantenmechanik in Bezug auf Schwarze Löcher beschäftigte, bevor er im Jahr 1973 ans Institut für Mathematik und Physik wechselte. Despite his headmaster's advice to wait until the next year, Hawking was awarded a scholarship after taking the examinations in March 1959. [186][253] Reflecting on this happier period, a revised version of Jane's book, re-titled Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen, appeared in 2007,[251] and was made into a film, The Theory of Everything, in 2014. [391], Hawking feared Donald Trump's policies on global warming could endanger the planet and make global warming irreversible. degree in physics. 1963: Diagnose von Amyotropher Lateralskerlose (ALS). Stephen Hawking (1942 – 2018) is an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist and author. [34] His paternal great-grandmother saved the family from financial ruin by opening a school in their home. This proved difficult, since Hawking could not move his neck, and trials showed that while he could indeed drive the chair, the movement was sporadic and jumpy. The Nature of Space and Time (1996), The Universe in a Nutshell (2001), The Theory of Everything (2002) 1965: Heirat mit Jane Wilde. Noch in der frühen Phase seines Studiums in Cambridge erlitt Stephen Jane felt overwhelmed by the intrusion into their family life of the required nurses and assistants. zu seinem hohen Bekanntheitsgrad bei. Stephen Hawking first met Gordon Moore, the cofounder of Intel, at a conference in 1997. On 14 March 2018, Stephen Hawking passed away aged 76. Alter von nur 32 Jahren als bis dato jüngster Wissenschaftler für seine unermüdlichen Bemühungen, die Relativitätstheorie und die Quantenmechanik zu vereinheitlichen, die Mitgliedschaft – was posthumously published in the Journal of High Energy Physics on 27 April 2018. [240], By the 1980s, Hawking's marriage had been strained for many years. [128] At the same time, he was also making a transition in his approach to physics, becoming more intuitive and speculative rather than insisting on mathematical proofs. [249] After his second marriage, Hawking's family felt excluded and marginalised from his life. [374] In an interview with El Mundo, he said: Before we understand science, it is natural to believe that God created the universe. [164][169] He reportedly declined a knighthood in the late 1990s in objection to the UK's science funding policy. [351], Hawking was a longstanding Labour Party supporter. [396][397] The same year, his synthesiser voice was recorded for the Pink Floyd song "Keep Talking",[398][180] and in 1999 for an appearance on The Simpsons. "[141], Hawking did not rule out the existence of a Creator, asking in A Brief History of Time "Is the unified theory so compelling that it brings about its own existence? The couple had three children: Robert, born May 1967,[227][228] Lucy, born November 1969,[229] and Timothy, born April 1979. [254], Hawking had a rare early-onset, slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease (MND; also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease), a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neurones in the brain and spinal cord, which gradually paralysed him over decades. He wis born on the 300t anniversary o the daith o Galileo Galilei an died on Albert Einstein's birthday . [366], Hawking was concerned about the future emergence of a race of "superhumans" that would be able to design their own evolution[351] and, as well, argued that computer viruses in today's world should be considered a new form of life, stating that "maybe it says something about human nature, that the only form of life we have created so far is purely destructive. [56][57][58] Hawking's father advised him to study medicine, concerned that there were few jobs for mathematics graduates. [151][152] Instead of publishing with an academic press, he signed a contract with Bantam Books, a mass-market publisher, and received a large advance for his book. [277] His lack of engagement in this area led to some criticism. His family noticed the changes when he returned home for Christmas, and medical investigations were begun. He wanted to study math at university but Oxford didn't have a math degree at the time so he chose … [306] It was described as a successful test to see if he could withstand the g-forces involved in space flight. [273] Spurred by a dispute with the university over who would pay for the ramp needed for him to enter his workplace, Hawking and his wife campaigned for improved access and support for those with disabilities in Cambridge,[274][275] including adapted student housing at the university. einer der weltweit bedeutendsten und einflussreichsten Physiker des 20. [38] They lived a frugal existence in a large, cluttered, and poorly maintained house and travelled in a converted London taxicab. "[390] Dr. Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA, (January 8, 1942 March 14, 2018) was a British theoretical physicist who devoted much of his life to probing the spacetime described by general relativity and the singularities where it breaks down. Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England, UK. He believed that philosophers "have not kept up with modern developments in science" and that scientists "have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge". [175] The same year, Thorne, Hawking and Preskill made another bet, this time concerning the black hole information paradox. [55] With time, he began to show considerable aptitude for scientific subjects and, inspired by Tahta, decided to read mathematics at university. In 1981 at a Vatican conference, he presented work suggesting that there might be no boundary – or beginning or ending – to the universe. This is a special device that either supplements or replaces speech/writing. Stephen was born in Oxford during WWII, the eldest of four children to parents Dr Frank Hawking and Eileen Isobel Hawking. By denying the evidence for climate change, and pulling out of the Paris Agreement, Donald Trump will cause avoidable environmental damage to our beautiful planet, endangering the natural world, for us and our children. the British Empire ernannt. Mit dieser Rolle als Lucasian Professor trat Stephen Hawking die Nachfolge renommierter Wissenschaftler wie Isaac Newton oder [68][69] Anxious, he slept poorly the night before the examinations, and the final result was on the borderline between first- and second-class honours, making a viva (oral examination) with the Oxford examiners necessary. ", later clarifying: "I don't know the answer. Hawking had bet that Penrose's proposal of a "cosmic censorship conjecture" – that there could be no "naked singularities" unclothed within a horizon – was correct. His book A Brief History of Time appeared on the Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. [65][67] Hawking estimated that he studied about 1,000 hours during his three years at Oxford. In the late 1980s, Hawking grew close to one of his nurses, Elaine Mason, to the dismay of some colleagues, caregivers, and family members, who were disturbed by her strength of personality and protectiveness. Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS (* 8. In the 1960s and 1970s, he worked on ground-breaking theorems regarding singularities within the framework of general relativity, and made the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation (known today as Hawking r… Zahlreiche Auftritte in den Medien und beliebten TV-Serien sowie zwei Verfilmungen seines außergewöhnlichen Lebens trugen weiter [121][126] His inaugural lecture in this role was titled: "Is the End in Sight for Theoretical Physics?" P artway through Hawking, a moving new PBS documentary on the life and work of British physicist Stephen Hawking, narrated via voice synthesizer by the man himself, Hawking raises a … The film, while a critical success, was not widely released. In October 1964, the couple became engaged to marry, aware of the potential challenges that lay ahead due to Hawking's shortened life expectancy and physical limitations. [384] Hawking believed a United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) would damage the UK's contribution to science as modern research needs international collaboration, and that free movement of people in Europe encourages the spread of ideas. [3] One doctoral student did not successfully complete the PhD. He worked with a friend on the faculty, Kip Thorne,[115][8] and engaged him in a scientific wager about whether the X-ray source Cygnus X-1 was a black hole. Januar 1942 in Oxford Already early in the list, in 1974 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS). [133][134][135] Hawking also began a new line of quantum-theory research into the origin of the universe. 1990: Scheidung von Jane Wilde. He always looked at the stars and the sky. [186], Starting in the 1990s, Hawking accepted the mantle of role model for disabled people, lecturing and participating in fundraising activities. [303] In September 2013, he expressed support for the legalisation of assisted suicide for the terminally ill.[304] In August 2014, Hawking accepted the Ice Bucket Challenge to promote ALS/MND awareness and raise contributions for research. [344][345][346][347] Later, in October 2018, another of his final research studies, entitled Black Hole Entropy and Soft Hair,[348] was published, and dealt with the "mystery of what happens to the information held by objects once they disappear into a black hole". [418], English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, By considering the effect of a black hole's. Diese Arbeit diente als Vorlage für den mit dem Oscar und mehreren Golden Globes ausgezeichneten Film "The Theory [176][177] Thorne and Hawking argued that since general relativity made it impossible for black holes to radiate and lose information, the mass-energy and information carried by Hawking radiation must be "new", and not from inside the black hole event horizon. Higgs boson was discovered in July 2012. [3][better source needed] As required by Cambridge University policy, Hawking retired as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 2009. [231] Upon his appointment in 1974 to a year-long position at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California, Jane proposed that a graduate or post-doctoral student live with them and help with his care. [230] His disabilities meant that the responsibilities of home and family rested firmly on his wife's increasingly overwhelmed shoulders, leaving him more time to think about physics. Um diese Temperatur, die in direktem proportionalen Verhältnis zur Masse eines Schwarzen Lochs steht, [162] Success led to significant financial rewards, but also the challenges of celebrity status. He was a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.[22][23]. 2018: Stephen Hawking stirbt in Cambridge (England). Im Jahr 1990 ließen sich Stephen und Jane Hawking scheiden, da der Wissenschaftler eine Affäre mit seiner persönlichen Nach seiner Schulausbildung sollte er dem Wunsch seines Vaters gemäß ebenfalls Medizin studieren, entschloss sich jedoch dazu, [148][149][150] These awards did not significantly change Hawking's financial status, and motivated by the need to finance his children's education and home-expenses, he decided in 1982 to write a popular book about the universe that would be accessible to the general public. Using similar techniques, Hawking has proved the basic theorems on the laws governing black holes: that stationary solutions of Einstein's equations with smooth event horizons must necessarily be axisymmetric; and that in the evolution and interaction of black holes, the total surface area of the event horizons must increase. Seither war er zur Kommunikation auf einen Sprachcomputer angewiesen. 1959 - 1962: Studium der Physik und Mathematik an der Universität Oxford. [395], At the release party for the home video version of the A Brief History of Time, Leonard Nimoy, who had played Spock on Star Trek, learned that Hawking was interested in appearing on the show. das Studium der Physik und Mathematik aufzunehmen. Hawking … [299][300] In 1999, Hawking was awarded the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society. Director of R… [334][335][note 1] In June 2018, it was announced that Hawking's words, set to music by Greek composer Vangelis, would be beamed into space from a European space agency satellite dish in Spain with the aim of reaching the nearest black hole, 1A 0620-00. Elaine Mason's husband, David, a computer engineer, adapted a small computer and attached it to his wheelchair.

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